Radiator arrangement for cars with high speeds



y 14, 1929- F. KRUCKENBERG ETAL 1,712,622

RADIATOR ARRANGEMENT FOR CARS WITH HIGH SPEEDS Filed Jan. 24, 1925 s Sheets-Sheet 1 F191.

y 1929- F. KRUCKENBERG ET AL 1,712,622

RADIATOR ARRANGEMENT FOR CARS WITHv HIGH SPEEDS Filed Jan. 24, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 f i z r Jnvenlvm F. KRUCKENBERG El" AL May 14, 1929. 1,712,622

RADIATOR ARRANGEMENT FOR CARS WITH HIGH SPEEDS 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Jan. 24, 1925 Patented May 14, 1929.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

rmz xnucxnmanne AND cim'r err-Duran, or nnmnnnnac, GERMANY; sun

' STEDEFELD assrcnoa 'ro sun xnucxmmnne.

nanmroa annnnemmnr roa cans wrrn men srnnns.

Application filed January 24, 1925, Serial Ito. 4,575, and in Germany October 31, 1924.

Cars driven with very high speed, need motors with very great efficiency. The use of internal combustion engines for propulsion involves the employment' of radiators of very great area. According to this invention a new cooling arrangement is pro.

/7 In this equation It represents the necessary cooling area in sq. ems. for the loss of heat of l centigrade calorie per hourat a speed r of 'v kins/hour. From'the reciprocal value 0 w v 20- 0.4445 only increases 1.43 times.

In the case of a high speed car, which has its outer surface of streamline-form, the

' air streams smoothly over the surface, but

immediately in contact with it is dragged a layer of turbulent air (Prandls theory), the velocity of which relative to the car increases very rapidly, with the distance from the car.s surface. In this invention the cooling air is taken from this slowly moving layer in which exists very much turbulence, whereby the cooling eifectis very much increased. This layer has not the same thickness at every point of the surface, but the air streaming along the surface is always addlng to the turbulent layer fresh particles of air, so that this layer becomes thicker and thicker towards the rear of the car, particularly if the latter tapers to the rear. The cooling air aecordmg to the preferred embodiment of this mvention, is taken from the rear part, where the turbulent layer is thickest.

Referring to the drawings illustrating our lnventlon Fig. l is a diagrammatic representation of the flow of air over a moving stream-line body of the type to which my invention relates, and in which the preferred positions for the air inlet and air outlet are approximately indicated by the points a and 6, respectively.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional View of one form of my invention in which the scoop or closure for the air inlet and outlet completely encircles the stream-line body, the

upper half of the drawing shows the scoop in the open or operative condition, while the lower half shows it in the closed or inoperative condition.

Fig. 2* is a sectional view taken along line DD of Fig. 2 in the direction indicated.

Fig. 3 illustrates another embodiment in which a fan is provided within the air passage ways to increase the cooling effect.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line E E of Fig. 3 in the direction indicated.

Fig. 4 is a side view of a further embodi-. ment of the invention, wherein two laterally disposed scoops or closures are provided for the air inlets and outlets.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view of the modification illustrated by Fig. 4 and shows the mechanism used to actuate the air scoops. The upper half of the drawing shows the scoop in the closed or inoperative position, while the lower half shows it in the open or operative stage. i

Fig. 6 is an end elevation of the modificatiovn shown in Fig. 5 looking in the direction of travel, the position of the radiator being indicated by dotted lines.

Fig. 7 is a sectional view-taken along line A -A of Fig. 5 looking in the direction indicated.

Fig. 1 shows a car with a streamline body layer .is not pressed against the surface of the car as at the nose by the dynamic pressure, but where the streamlines are widening, the turbulent layer rapidly grows thicker the taperingend, at

and eventually leaves the surface, causing a considerable increase of resistance. In this invention in accordance with these considerations the turbulent layer is' taken away at v a, where it is quite thick, but has not yet left the surface, and is led to the radiator. It is let out at the rear end near .b, where itcannot disturb with its turbulence the streamline flow along the car-body. In the construction of this arrangement, we have two fundamentally different methods. In one the turbulent layer is taken away at the rear of the car by a scoop which is of streamline form and which projects into the turbulent layer and conducts the air to the radiator. In the other method the outer form remains unchanged with respect to streamline, but-in the sur face of the rear of the car-hull are arranged longitudinal channels in which the radiator is situated and through which the cooling air is drawn by a fan.

Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a cooling-arrangement of the first type, in which in the upper part the scoop is shown open and in the lower closed. In front of the rear end of the car is situated the ring shaped radiator cl on a contracted portion of the car-body c. The contracted portion carrying the radiator is covered by the scoop e' for the cooling air which re moves the turbulent air at f and lets itout t g The remaining air stream is not af fected by the scoop because it is moving in stream lines. When it is desired to regulate the cooling effect this may be accomplished by moving axially the scoop 6'. Between the radiator d and the scoop 6' must be arranged a flexible shield 71. of leather or a similar adjusting means.

Another arrangement embodying the same fundamental idea is shown in Figs. 47. In this modification, also, there are arranged on eith-er side of the contraction-of the car body 0 two semicircular radiator blocks 41 (1. But the cooling air is not taken in over the whole circle, but by means of two shutters 2' and z'"for regulation of the air supply, which project from' the side of the car, of which 2' is shown closed and 2" opened. The air enters at and leaves at 76'. A shield Z onthe shutter 71 prevents the air from flowing along the sides of the radiator.

In order to make possible the movement of the shutter 71 without danger of sticking in or obstructing the upper and lower guiding jaws m? and n the arrangement shown in Figs. 5 and 7 is provided. Each shutter 11 is carried at front rear on stiff and parallel, arms of equal length, respectively 0 and p. The arm 0 is fixed to the front spindle g and the arm p to the rear spindle 7". Both. spindles are supported in special bearings s in the car body 0. The

spindles g and r are connected by means of the levers 3 and rods u within the contracted part of the car body. To close the shutters the rods u are moved in the direction of the arrows 'v, and for opening in the, direction of the arrow If the rods u are suitably coupled together both shutters 2' and i can be opened or closed simultaneously.

Obviously this mechanism for operating the shutters may be adapted for use with the modification shown in Fig. 2.

A radiator arrangement of the second type is shown in Fig. 3 in'longitudinal section, in which the cooling air is'drawn into the interior of the car and through the radiator by a fan. The radiator d is situated in suitable channels. For the entrance of the cooling air openings f' are provided in the rear portion of the car, while the cooling air can escape at the extreme rear throughopenings 9'. For drawing the cooling air through the radiator d while the motor is running a fan with blades 3 is provided, mounted on the air-screw shaft :0. The regulation of the cooling effect can be obtained by varying the pitch of the blades Y by means of an arrangement in the hub 2,.

Inside the channel are provided webs h, which hold the ring 2". The webs have a form or covering adapted to the air stream. They also serve as blades for changing the tangential stream into an axial stream or for causing a steady change of stream section. It is also obvious that the fan can be 1n front of the radiator, and that the drive can be carried out in other ways. A remarkable advantage in using a fan is that the cooling effect can be raised to the maximum during the starting period. At this time the motor is working at full power while the air stream velocity and consequently the cooling effect of the other arrangement is very small. F or this reason the radiator must be made much larger. When a fan is used this enlargement is unnecessary. Since under such condition the blades of the fan can be set for full cooling effect, and the radiator need not be made larger.

What we claim is:

1. A high speed vehicle having a body of stream-line shape, a driving motor, a radiator therefor, said body having a passageway arranged within the stream-lines thereof, within which said radiator is located, the inlet for said passageway being located at or to the rear of the portionof said body having the greatest diameter, and, a scoop whose outer surface is of stream-line form attached to said body adjacent to said passageway and arranged to extend only into the more slowly moving layer of air adjacent to the surface of said body whereby air is deflected through said passageway.

lit!

-ator is located, the inlet for said passageway being located at or to the rear of the portion of said body having the greatest diameter, and a scoop whose outer surface is of streamline form attached to said body adjacent to said passageway and arranged to extend only into the more slowly moving layer of air adjacent to the surface of said body whereby air is deflected through said passageway.

3. A high speed vehicle having a body of stream-line shape, a driving motor, a radiator therefor, said body having a passageway arranged within the stream-lines thereof, within which said radiator is located, the inlet and outlet for said passageway being located in the rear tapering portion of said body, and a scoop whose outer surface is of stream-line form attached to said body adj acent to said passageway and arranged to extend only into the more slowly moving layer of air adjacent to the surface of said body whereby air is deflected through said passageway. V

f. A high speed vehicle having a body of stream-line shape. a driving motor, an annular shaped radiator therefor, said body having a passageway arranged within the stream-lines thereof, within which said radiator is located, the inlet and outlet for said passageway being located in a rear tapering portion of said body, a scoop whose outer surface is of stream-line form attached to said body adjacent to said passageway and arranged to extend only into the more slowly moving layer of air adjacent to the surface of said body whereby air is deflected through said passageway.

5. A high speed vehicle having a body of stream-line shape. a driving motor, a radiator therefor, sa'id body having a passageway arranged within the stream-lines thereof, within which said radiator is located, the inlet for said passageway being located at or to the rear of the portion of said bodv having the greatest diameter, and, a scoop having a truncated cone-like form whose outer surface is of stream-line form attached to said body adjacent said passageway and arranged to extend only into the more slowly moving layer of air adjacent thesurface of said body, whereby air is deflected through said pas sageway.

6. A high speed vehicle having a body of stream-line shape. a driving motor. an annular shaped radiator therefor, said body having a passageway arranged within the stream-lines thereof, within which saidradiator is located, the inlet and outlet for said passageway being located in a rear tapering portion of said body, a scoop having a truncated cone-like form whose outer surface is of stream-line form attached tosaid body adacent to said passageway and arranged to extend only into the more slowly moving layer of air-adjacent the surface of said body whereby air is deflected through said passageway.

7. A high speed vehicle having a body of stream-line shape. a driving motor, a radiator therefor, said body having a passageway arranged within the stream-lines thereof, within which said radiator-is located, the inlet for said passageway being located at or to the rear of the portion of said body hav ing the greatest diameter, a scoop whose outer surface is of stream-line shape suitably attached to said body adjacent to said passageway and arranged to extend only into the more slowly moving layer of air adjacent the surface of said body, whereby air is deflected through said passageway, deflecting means fixed to said scoop whereby the flow of air between the sides of the radiator and the scoop is prevented.

8. In combination with a high speed vehiadjacent to said passageway and arranged to extend only into the more slowly moving layer of air adjacent to the surface of the body whereby air is deflected through the passageway, deflecting means disposed between the sides of the scoop and the side of the radiator, whereby the flow of air therebetween is prevented.

9. A high speed vehicle having a body of stream-line shape, a driving motor, a radiator therefor, said body having a passageway arranged within the stream-lines thereof, an

adjustable scoop attached to said body adj acent to said passageway for opening and closing the openings to the inlet and outlet of said passageway, said openings being located in a portion of said body and the inlet for said passageway being located at or to the rear of the portion of said body having the greatest' diameter, said scoop having an outer surface of stream-line form and being arranged to extend in the open position only into the more slowly moving layer of air adjacent the surface of said body whereby air is deflected through said passageway.

10. A high speed vehicle having a body of stream-line shape, a driving motor, a radiator therefor, said body having a passageway arranged within the steam-lines thereof, an adjustable scoopattached to said body adj asageway,

cent to said passageway for opening and clos-' ingthe openings to the inlet and outlet of said passageway, said openings being located in the rear tapering portion of said body, said scoop having an outer surface of stream-line form and being arranged to extend in the open position only into the more slowly moving layer of air adjacent the surface of said body whereby air is deflected through said passageway.

11. A high speed Vehicle having a body of stream-line shape, a driving motor, a radiator therefor, said body having a passageway arranged within the stream-lines thereof, an adjustable scoop for opening and closing the openings to the inlet and outlet of said pasthe inlet for said passageway being located at or to the rear of the portion of said body having the greatest diameter, and

said adjustable member constituting in the closed position an integral part of the configuration of the stream-line surface of said body, and in the open position a deflecting means whose outer surface is of stream-line form and extending only into the slowly moving layer of air adjacent the surface of said body whereby air is deflected through said passageway.

12. A high speed vehicle having a body'of stream-line shape, a driving motor, an annular shaped radiator therefor, said body having a passageway arranged within the stream-lines thereof, an adjustable scoop having a truncated cone-like form whose outer surface is of stream-line form for opening and closing the openings to the inlet and outlet of said passageway, said openings being located in the rear tapering portion of said body, said scoop being arranged to extend in the open position only into the more slowly moving layer of air adjacent the surface of said body whereby air is deflected through said passageway.

13. A high speed vehicle having a body of stream-line shape, a driving motor, an annular shaped radiator therefor, said body having a passageway arranged within the stream-lines thereof, an adjustable scoop having a truncated cone-like form Whose outer surface is of stream-line form for and closing the openings-to the inlet and outlet of said passageway, said openings being located in the rear tapering portion of said body, said scoop being arranged to extend in the open position only moving layer of air adjacent the surface of said body whereby air is deflected through said passageway, an adjustable membranelike member so disposed relative to said adjustable scoop and the side of the radiator as to prevent the flow of air therebetween.

In. testimony whereof we afiix our signatures.

opening into the more slowly 

